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Analysis of Association

Step 1
First, we select the most probable "candidate gene" that can be associated with the disease. This is the gene that we can use to detect the risk of someone contracting the disease.

Analysis of Association

Step 2
Second, we find the important allele of the candidate gene. This allele is the specific trait that most likely corresponds with the disease.

Analysis of Association

Step 3
Third, we analyze the frequencies of the allele in populations with the disease and without the disease. Thus, we can determine wether the allele really can be related to the disease.

Analysis of Association

Step 4
Lastly, we compare our conclusion with a clinically confirmed diagnosis. As a result, we can confidently say that the specific allele is associated with the medical disease.
Next

Analysis of Linkage

Step 1
First, we collect DNA from the patients and their families. We can use these DNA samples to find predisposition genes - genes that can be linked to a specific medical disease.

Analysis of Linkage

Step 2
Second, we identify a critcal DNA region of interest. This allows us to estimate the probability that disease features are associated with genetic markers in this specific region.

Analysis of Linkage

Step 3
Third, we study differences beween the genetic makeup of children with the disease and children without the disease. Thus, we can identify candidate genes in the DNA region of interest. These candidate genes are most likely the cause of the specific medical disease.

Analysis of Association

Step 4
Lastly, we conduct cell-based or animal-based experiments to determine wether or not the candidate gene really causes the disease.
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GWAS

The method of Genome Wide Association Studies is the modern procedure of predictive medicine.